I concur about the computer's firewall being the blocking agent here....not the router.
If you install a software firewall such as Zone Alarm, or Online Armor (both have free versions for personal use) you can likely work thru it pretty easily.....as well as a number of other firewall programs.....
Windows also has its own built-in firewall, tho XP's is only one way.....google about how to work with it if you need more help...tons of articles out there....
I have an HTC PURE (windows Mobile 6.5 based, not android) fone and had no problems synching up to my computer....just had to install the MS ActiveSync utility...