Thanks.
I was doing some research myself.

Erratum, sort of.
At D-Link's site (SE), if I click on the support link and follow the link to the latest tech articles (they are still using the "old" site design here) I arrive at a page that has two short messages at the top, and it has been the same for quite some time; they are from the first half of 2008, related to Windows XP, and the release of SP3. I have seen them for quite some time, and I didn't look closer at the rest of the page earlier. However, on the second half of the page there is a button for
"archived support news", but it says "2013" now; perhaps should be the other way around ...
If I click on the button and check that page I will get the latest information from February; about the UPnP issue mentioned some weeks ago, AND the "Update on Router Security issue", i.e. the firmware updates for DIR-600 (and DIR-300), all in English. There are direct links to an EU site for the different firmware updates.
At this place.
ftp://ftp.dlink.eu/Products/dir/dir-600/driver_software/
The zip file for the B1/B2 revisions is pretty much the same as the abovementioned. The archive at the German site also included a German language pack and a small, old, information file, not included in this file. The instructions, PDF & TXT, are in English, this time. Same change log. The firmware .bin files are identical, it seems, comparing them with the command-line tool COMP.
The sad thing is that at the SE site, and for example the Czech site, there is no mention about these recent firmware updates at the support pages for the DIR-600. Compared with, for example, the German and the UK sites. But the Czechs at least have it on their FTP page, which is not the case with the Nordic sites (Denmark and Norway point to the Swedish FTP site). As I said, pretty useless.
So, hidden on a page for support news, that still talk about SP3 for XP, via archived messages for 2013 ... there are links to the latest firmware.
And the change log, "changes.txt", in the archive found at the EU site
and in the German B1/B2 file, says:
"Problems Resolved:
1. Fixed
the multiple security vulnerabilities."
A close match to the topic of this thread.

(Pedantic note: The same file for the B1/B2 2.15 at the Czech site says "1. Fixes security vulnerabilities." That is the only difference as far as I can see inside the archives.
There is a very minor difference in the name however; DIR-600_fw_revb12_215b01
_ALL_20130206 at the EU site, and DIR-600_fw_revB1B2_2-15B01
_all_en_20130206 at the Czech site (and the .pl page you mentioned.)
So, yes, I will try some other version; the one I found at the EU site, and maybe look at another. I did a factory reset and changed some minor things after my post above, but it didn't change the download speed.