If you value your data then the ONLY route is to make a backup, convert to RAID1 and copy back the data from the backup
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There might be ways to convert to RAID without format, but you DO NOT HAVE ANY GUARANTIES that the data will be there when the conversion finishes and i think you better loose a few hours copying then loosing the data you had there.
Also, as JavaLawyer already pointed out. after making the RAID still keep a backup of your data.
P.S. I've lost about 1.5 years worth of photos when I resized a partition of a HDD on my main computer and of course i didn't have any backups. Ever since that incident i always do backups before anything that might result in lost data (i keep my photos in at least 3 HDDs, and at least 2 different physical places).
There's a saying, "
better safe than sorry", I had to learn what it means the hard way, I wish you never find out what it feels like to loose a lot of data :p