I've learned a few things in the time since I posted this.
From the PS3's perspective:
.mp4 = Video
.m4v = Video
.m4a = Audio
Even though technically the PS3 should be able to play *any* mp4 container lest it be .aac .mp4 .m4v or .m4a, it's set to use the file extension to determine what can be played instead of determing the content of the file. I'm sure from a performance perspective this is faster-- though I find it odd my Sony Walkman plays and categorizes .mp4 files based on their content yet the PS3 with the Cell CPU merely handles extensions.

Gripe, yes, but I'll get over it.
Now I only have a few thousand files to rename. Ugh.
After renaming all of my .divx files to .avi, the problem of those files not showing up was fixed; again the PS3 will not scan a file to see what it is, it only uses the extension.