Well I fiddled with my Wireless Print Server connected to the 657 and my LaserJet. I wasn't able to see any AirPrint available printers on my 4S. I presume that this is probably due to the fact that I don't actually have any AirPrint printers that support this Apple feature. Just putting a wired USB printer on a Wireless print server doesn't seem to work for me and I don't have access to a printer that does.
My Mac book was able to connect to the Wireless print server and print to it. I presume this was via IP or maybe Bonjour protocol however my print server is several years old and may not support AirPrint either or Bonjour.
Only thing I can think of is that something is interfering with the connections for Airprint since you can get a connection for a short duration then it stops. Or something in FW is possibly not working right with Airprint.
Not sure about port 5353 even thats mDNS thus Bonjour protocols.
It's worth a try maybe if you use Application Rule and set up a rule for your iPhone using it's IP address, reserved, and input the 5353 port number for both Trigger and Firewall, UDP for both Traffic Type and see if this does anything. since you are on a LAN to LAN side connection with the iPhone and the printer, not sure if doing this will help since using Application rules is for WAN to LAN connections.