No, Matteo; I have dry-loop DSL, not cable. And yes, you can connect the VoIP phone port to your internal phone wiring (but must first disconnect internal from external at the demarc).
Providers like Vonage give you a locked VoIP box. They configure it remotely, but you are stuck with that provider, and you pay a premium for it. But then there are bring-your-own-device providers, for people willing to spend $45 on an unlocked box, and learn to configure it. There is more competition in this category of providers, and, as a result, better offerings.
Of course, there are other benefits to putting your telephone on the Internet. Like free calls to any other telephone on the Internet (unlike Skype, this works even without a computer).